The absolute scale (Engl. "absolute scale") is a subcategory of the ratio scale and therefore has the same properties. On the absolute scale, equal intervals between two answer options as well as a natural zero point (= no negative numbers possible) are also required.
A ratio scale (ratio scale) is the highest metric scale level, used to make complex statements about relationships between different variables or measurement units.
The interval scale (Latin "intervallum" = space, distance, gap) is a metric or numerical scale in which individual units have a direct numerical value.
A cardinal scale or metric scale (English: "metric scale") refers to scale levels that, in contrast to nominal or ordinal scales, have a defined metric or numerical distance between two variables (e.g., 5°C between 15 and 20°C in temperature measurement).
The ordinal scale (English: "ordinal scale" = ranking scale) is used to place objects or characteristics in a logical ranking order (greater than, less than) with respect to a specific property.
The nominal scale (engl. "nominal scale" or "categorical scale") is the lowest scaling for measuring qualitative characteristics (gender, marital status, hair color).
The rating scale (English "rating" = evaluation or assessment) is suitable for oral or written statements such as in online surveys to record respondents' personal assessments in gradations.
Objectivity (= intersubjective comparability) means that knowledge gained must be verifiable and comprehensible independent of researchers' subjective attitudes.
Validity (= correctness or accuracy of the measurement) reflects the extent to which a research work in its entirety actually achieves the results that correspond to the stated research objective.